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Calton Hill
Calton Hill () (also referred to as "the Calton Hill"), is a hill in central Edinburgh, Scotland, situated beyond the east end of Princes Street and included in the city's UNESCO World Heritage Site. Views of, and from, the hill are often used in photographs and paintings of the city.
Calton Hill is the headquarters of the Scottish Government, which is based at St Andrew's House,〔Youngson, A.J. (2001): "The Companion Guide to Edinburgh and the borders", Chapter 9 (Calton Hill), Polygon Books, Edinburgh, UK, ISBN 0-7486-6307-X〕 on the steep southern slope of the hill; with the Scottish Parliament Building, and other notable buildings, for example Holyrood Palace,〔 lying near the foot of the hill. The hill is also the location of several iconic monuments and buildings: the National Monument,〔(The Calton Hill ), Robert Louis Stevenson(1879), "Edinburgh: Picturesque Notes", Chapter 8, ASIN: B00158QM62. Accessed on 2009-08-06.〕 the Nelson Monument,〔〔 the Dugald Stewart Monument,〔〔 the old Royal High School,〔〔 the Robert Burns Monument,〔 the Political Martyrs' Monument and the City Observatory.〔〔Mitchell , Anne (1993), "The People of Calton Hill", Mercat Press, James Thin, Edinburgh, ISBN 1-873644-18-3.〕
==Etymology==
In 1456, James II granted land to Edinburgh by charter wherein Calton Hill is referred to as "Cragingalt", the name by which it appears on the 1560 Petworth map of the Siege of Leith (rendered as "Cragge Ingalt"). The name may have derived from Old Welsh or Old English meaning "the place of the groves".
The records of South Leith Parish Church name "Caldtoun" as one of the quarters of the parish in 1591, though the village and area are otherwise generally referred to as "Craigend", signifying the main land form (crags) at the western end of the feudal barony of Restalrig, as opposed to the distinguishing feature at its eastern end, a loch, hence the name Lochend. The name "Caldtoun" (sometimes anglicised as "Cold town") remained general until about 1700; the names Calton and Caltonhill first appearing when West Restalrig was sold to Edinburgh in 1725.〔 The Armstrongs' map of the Three Lothians (1773) still uses the name "Caldtoun"〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Armstrong map of the three Lothians (1773), North Centre section )〕 and Ainslie's maps of Edinburgh record a change in spelling from Caltoun to Calton between 1780 and 1804〔(【引用サイトリンク】 John Ainslie map of the city of Edinburgh )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 John Ainslie map of the Old and New Town of Edinburgh and Leith )〕
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